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Wednesday, December 5, 2018
Friday, November 30, 2018
THE HISTORY OF HOKIANGA
According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, Kupe, the legendary Polynesian navigator and explorer, settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after his journey of discovery from Hawaiiki aboard the waka (canoe) named Matahorua.[2] When he left Hokianga he declared that this would be the place of his return and left several things behind including the bailer of his canoe. Later, Kupe's grandson Nukutawhiti returned from Hawaiiki to settle in Hokianga.
In the 14th century, the great chief Puhi landed just south of the Bay of Islands. The tribe of Puhi, Ngapuhi, slowly extended westwards to reach the west coast and colonise both sides of Hokianga. Hokianga is considered to be one of the oldest settlements for the Māori, and is still a heartland for the people. Rahiri, the 17th-century founder of the Ngapuhi iwi, was born at Whiria pa to the south of the harbour, where a monument stands to his memory.
In this process of expansion, the Ngapuhi created and maintained over centuries a complex network of walking tracks, many of which evolved into today's roads. Wesleyan and later Anglican missionaries were guided along these ancient routes to make their own discovery of Hokianga and its accessible timber resources. Their reports soon reached merchant captains in the Bay of Islands.
According to Te Tai Tokerau tradition, Kupe, the legendary Polynesian navigator and explorer, settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after his journey of discovery from Hawaiiki aboard the waka (canoe) named Matahorua.[2] When he left Hokianga he declared that this would be the place of his return and left several things behind including the bailer of his canoe. Later, Kupe's grandson Nukutawhiti returned from Hawaiiki to settle in Hokianga.
In the 14th century, the great chief Puhi landed just south of the Bay of Islands. The tribe of Puhi, Ngapuhi, slowly extended westwards to reach the west coast and colonise both sides of Hokianga. Hokianga is considered to be one of the oldest settlements for the Māori, and is still a heartland for the people. Rahiri, the 17th-century founder of the Ngapuhi iwi, was born at Whiria pa to the south of the harbour, where a monument stands to his memory.
In this process of expansion, the Ngapuhi created and maintained over centuries a complex network of walking tracks, many of which evolved into today's roads. Wesleyan and later Anglican missionaries were guided along these ancient routes to make their own discovery of Hokianga and its accessible timber resources. Their reports soon reached merchant captains in the Bay of Islands.
Kauri Dieback
Phytophthora agathidicida, the pathogen that causes kauri dieback disease, was only discovered in 2009, and formally named in 2015 (previously it was known as Phytophthora taxon Agathis).
The spores of kauri dieback are found in the soil around affected kauri. Any movement of infected soil can spread the disease. Human activity involving soil movement (on footwear, machinery or equipment) is thought to be the greatest cause of spread.
Kauri dieback can kill kauri of all ages. It's a disease caused by a microscopic fungus-like organism, called Phytophthora agathidicida (PA). It lives in the soil and infects kauri roots, damaging the tissues that carry nutrients and water within the tree, effectively starving it to death.
How does it affect Kauri? Phytophthora agathidicida damages the tree's root system, reducing the tree's ability to take water and nutrients from the soil and transport it throughout the plant. ... Trunk lesions can also occur, although not all infected trees show these. It can take years for dieback symptoms to appear.
How does it affect Kauri? Phytophthora agathidicida damages the tree's root system, reducing the tree's ability to take water and nutrients from the soil and transport it throughout the plant. ... Trunk lesions can also occur, although not all infected trees show these. It can take years for dieback symptoms to appear.
Tane Mahuta
Standing more than 51 meters tall and with a trunk girth in excess of 13 meters, the Tāne Mahuta (Lord of the Forest) is New Zealand's largest known living kauri tree
This forest is the home of Tane Mahuta, the country's largest kauri tree, which is approximately 2,000 years old and still growing. Nearly 18 metres to the first branch and 4.4 metres in diameter, Tane Mahuta is rightly called 'The Lord of the Forest'
Tāne Mahuta is a giant kauri tree in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Its age is unknown but is estimated to be between 1,250 and 2,500 years. It is the largest kauri known to stand today.
Tane mahuta named for the Māori god of forests and of birds nearly 18 metres to the first branch and 4.4 metres in diameter, Tane Mahuta is rightly called 'The Lord of the Forest'.
KUPE PROJECT
Kupe was a great chief of Hawaiki (Tahiti), whose father was from Rarotonga, and whose mother was from Rangiatea (Ra'iatea), where her father lived. These were the three islands over whichKupe's mana (power) extended.
Kupe. According to tribal narratives, Kupe was the first Polynesian to discover the islands of New Zealand. His journey there was triggered by difficulties with fishing in Hawaiki, his homeland
KUPE'S SAIL
Kupe's Sail is on the eastern shore of Palliser Bay, about two-thirds of a mile north-west of Cape Palliser. The name was originally applied to two triangular patches of light-coloured cliff showing against the green vegetation of the surrounding hills. The original Maori spelling is Nga-ra-o-Kupe (the sails of Kupe) and the story connected with this, according to Percy Smith (History and Traditions of the Maori of the West Coast, North Island of New Zealand, prior to 1840, Polynesian Society, 1910, p. 40) is that Kupe and his companion Ngake were camped here on one occasion, when a contention arose as to who could succeed in first completing a canoe sail (ra). So each started to work in the evening to make a sail; Kupe had finished his a little after midnight, whilst Ngake did not complete his until dawn. Thus Kupe won. The sails were then hung up against the cliffs “and may be seen there to this day”.
Both patches of light-coloured cliff are composed of outcrops of late Miocene sandstone (about 12–14 million years old) dipping seawards at an angle of 45 degrees. The sandstone is compacted and well bedded, and one of the patches, immediately east of the mouth of Kupe Stream, is a very prominent dip slope. Nowadays the name “Kupe's Sail” is more usually applied to this outcrop in particular. Abundant marine fossils are in the sandstone and similar beds occur in Hurupi Stream and Putangirua Stream further to the west around Palliser Bay.
The light-coloured sandstone rests unconformably on dark-coloured greywackes and argillites which continue northwards to form the Aorangi Mountains. The greywackes and argillites are unfossiliferous but are thought to be of early Cretaceous age (about 130 million years old). In Kupe Stream these rocks are intruded by igneous rocks; pillow lavas (altered submarine basalt flows) and tuff beds are interbedded with them at Cape Palliser. The sandstone has been tilted down along a north-east-trending fault cutting the coast close to the mouth of Kupe Stream. This down-tilting has preserved the sandstone along the fault line. Late Miocene beds formerly covered most of the greywacke and argillites of the Aorangi Mountains, but subsequent uplift and erosion have removed most of them except on the flanks and where they have been downfaulted, as at Kupe's Sail.
By: Hayden Huntley
Tuesday, August 28, 2018
adding the prefix in-.
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